Business entities in Poland

Types of business entities in Poland

A foreigner starting doing business in Poland might freely choose his Polish business vehicle from among many available legal entities in Poland. Therefore we provide all of the below mentioned business entities in Poland ready to trade very quickly.

Limited Company – LTD (Spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością – Sp. z o.o.)

Main features:

• Characteristics of this entity are analogical to the United Kingdom’s Limited company and USA’s LLC.
• There are no restrictions on foreign shareholders.
• There is a need for only one board member (Prezes Zarządu – Board Director).
• Supervisory Board is optional however in some cases useful.
• Minimum share capital to be fully paid up is 5000 PLN (1200 EUR or 1600 USD or 1000 GBP equivalent).
• Shareholders have limited liability for company’s debts

Joint-Stock Company (Spółka akcyjna – S. A.)

Main features:

• Characteristics of this entity are analogical to the United Kingdom’s PLC and USA’s Inc.
• There are no restrictions on foreign shareholders.
• There is a need for only one board member (Prezes Zarządu – Board Director).
• There is a need for a Supervisory Board.
• Minimum share capital to be fully paid up is 100 000 PLN (approx. 24 000 EUR or 32 000 USD or 20000 GBP equivalent).
• Shareholder have limited liability for company’s debts

Registered Partnership (Spółka Jawna – Sp.J.)

Main features:

• Characteristics of this entity are analogical to the United Kingdom’s and USA’s General Partnership.
• There are no restrictions on foreign partners.
• All the partners are entitled to represent the partnership.
• All the partners have full joint liability for company’s debts. However subsidiarity rule is a principle.
• Partner does not need to be a natural person.

Limited Liability Partnership – LLP/LLC (Spółka Komandytowa – Sp. K.)

Main features:

• Characteristics of this entity is analogical to the United Kingdom’s and USA’s Limited Partnership.
• A company must have at least one General Partner – fully liable for debts and at least one Limited Partner with limited liability.
• There are no restrictions on foreign partners.
• Only General Partners are entitled to represent the partnership.
• There is no minimum capital.
• Both General Partner and Limited Partner do not have to be natural persons.
• There is a freedom to determine the profit sharing relationship between partners.

Limited Joint-Stock Partnership (Spółka Komandytowo-Akcyjna – S.K.A.)

Main features:

• This partnership is a hybrid between Partnership and Joint-Stock company. Characteristics of this entity are analogical to Germany’s Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (KGaA) or France’s Société en commandite par actions (SCA) or Belgium’s Commanditaire vennootschap op aandelen (CVA).
• A company must have at least one General Partner – fully liable for debts and at least one shareholder with limited liability.
• There are no restrictions on foreign partners.
• Only General Partners are entitled to represent the partnership.
• General Partner does not have to be a natural persons.
• The minimum share capital is 50 000 PLN (approx. 12 000 EUR or 16 000 USD or 10 000 GBP)
• There is a freedom to determine the profit sharing relationship between partners and shareholders.

If you are interested to get your own business entity in Poland please feel free to contact us anytime. We will be more than happy to provide you with properly and favorably registered business. With our assistance you will benefit the most from your business vehicle in Poland.